BroadPharm技術(shù)講座-What is SM-102?

中文介紹：

脂質(zhì)納米顆粒最近開(kāi)始流行，作為mRNA疫苗和疾病治療的有效遞送載體。其中一種更值得注意的脂質(zhì)是可電離脂質(zhì) SM-102，用于配制疫苗 mRNA-1273 - 由 Moderna 獲得。

SM-102是一種氨基脂質(zhì)，具有叔胺和通過(guò)酯鍵連接的支尾。叔胺允許脂質(zhì)形成兩性離子脂質(zhì)。SM-102是一種無(wú)色油性化合物，分子量為710.2，CAS號(hào)為2089251-47-6。IUPAC的名稱(chēng)是庚烷-9-基8-[2-乙基-（6-氧代-6-十一氧基己基）氨基]辛酸酯。

SM-102因其快速清除率、耐受性、免疫原性和蛋白表達(dá)而成為理想的藥物載體。雖然SM-102可溶于有機(jī)溶劑，但懸浮在極性溶劑中時(shí)會(huì)形成膜。這一特性使科學(xué)家能夠?qū)⑦@些脂質(zhì)塑造成mRNA療法。SM-102在mRNA-1273的配制中起重要作用。SM-102在生理pH下保持中性，并在酸性環(huán)境中帶正電荷。這種在生理pH下保持中性的特性允許脂質(zhì)與血細(xì)胞陰離子膜的相互作用更少。SM-102帶正電荷的能力在細(xì)胞攝取后起著至關(guān)重要的作用。當(dāng)SM-102與酸性?xún)?nèi)體相互作用時(shí)，它變得質(zhì)子化并形成錐形離子對(duì)，驅(qū)動(dòng)從雙層到倒六邊形相的轉(zhuǎn)變。這個(gè)階段促進(jìn)內(nèi)體逃逸和mRNA釋放到細(xì)胞質(zhì)中。一旦mRNA被釋放，SM-102通過(guò)酯水解代謝，剩余的脂肪族頭基通過(guò)膽道和腎臟清除被消除。

隨著脂質(zhì)技術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展，科學(xué)界正處于創(chuàng)造許多新療法的邊緣。為了進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)藥物遞送研究的能力，BroadPharm（國(guó)內(nèi)客戶(hù)聯(lián)系靶點(diǎn)科技）提供了廣泛的可電離脂質(zhì)、陽(yáng)離子脂質(zhì)、PEG 脂質(zhì)和磷脂選擇。BroadPharm（國(guó)內(nèi)客戶(hù)聯(lián)系靶點(diǎn)科技）還提供定制的脂質(zhì)合成，以滿(mǎn)足您的研究需求。

英文介紹：

Lipid nanoparticles have recently come into vogue as an effective delivery vehicle for mRNA vaccines and disease treatment. One of the more notable lipids is the ionizable lipid SM-102, used in the formulation of the  vaccine mRNA-1273 - patented by Moderna.

SM-102 is an amino lipid with a tertiary amine and a branched tail linked through ester bonds. The tertiary amine allows the lipid to form a zwitterionic lipid. SM-102 is a colorless oily compound with a molecular weight of 710.2 and a CAS number of 2089251-47-6. The IUPAC name is heptadecan-9-yl 8-[2-hydroxyethyl-(6-oxo-6-undecoxyhexyl)amino]octanoate.

SM-102 can be synthesized through the route as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Shows the synthesis route of SM-102.

SM-102 is an ideal drug carrier due to its fast clearance rate, tolerability, immunogenicity, and protein expression. While SM-102 is soluble in organic solvents, it forms a membrane when suspended in polar solvents. This property has enabled scientists to mold these lipids into mRNA therapeutics. SM-102 plays a significant role in the formulation of mRNA-1273. SM-102 remains neutral at physiological pH and takes on a positive charge in an acidic environment. This property to remain neutral at physiological pH allows the lipid to have fewer interactions with the anionic membranes of blood cells. SM-102's ability to take on a positive charge plays a crucial role after cellular uptake. When SM-102 interacts with the acidic endosome, it becomes protonated and forms cone-shaped ion pairs that drive the transition from a bilayer to an inverted hexagon phase. This phase promotes endosomal escape and the release of the mRNA into the cytosol. Once the mRNA is released, SM-102 is metabolized through ester hydrolysis, and the remaining aliphatic head group is eliminated via biliary and renal clearance.

With the recent advances in lipid technology, the scientific community is on the precipice of creating many new therapeutics. To further empower drug delivery research, BroadPharm offers a broad selection of ionizable lipids, cationic lipids, PEG lipids, and Phospholipids. BroadPharm also offers custom lipid syntheses to satisfy your research need.

Journal References

1.Han, X., Zhang, H., Butowska, K. et al. An ionizable lipid toolbox for RNA delivery. Nat Commun 12, 7233 (2021). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27493-0

2.Hou, X., Zaks, T., Langer, R. et al. Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nat Rev Mater 6, 1078-1094 (2021).doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0